Brain Chemistry May Trigger Alcoholism

Brain chemistry may be the reason some people with a strong family history of alcoholism become alcoholics while others do not, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY have discovered that elevated levels of brain cell receptors called dopamine D2 may protect those at greatest risk of developing alcoholism. Dopamine D2 is a chemical messenger that stimulates the brain's reward circuits. Increasing the level of dopamine D2 may protect people from developing alcoholism. (Click the post title to read the article posted on scenta.)

In the study, researchers compared the number of D2 receptors in nonalcoholics with no family history of alcoholism to those with a family history of alcoholism. High risk individuals rather than those already afflicted with the disease were studied because chronic alcohol abuse reduces the number of dopamine receptors, making comparison difficult. Receptor levels were 10% higher in participants with a family history of alcoholism. The highest receptor levels were found in the frontal lobes of the brain that are associated with emotional reactions to stress and cognitive control of decisions about drinking. Alcoholism is a serious problem in the United States and a growing problem among our teen population. Researchers hope their discovery will lead to new treatment strategies for alcoholics and protective measures for those most at risk.

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